Questions Jews Ask

Answer Index

Grouped by movement and perspective.

Answer Library

All volumes, organized by category

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Central Questions
  1. Central Question 01: Who Is Jesus in Relation to the One God of Israel?
  2. Central Question 02: Did Jesus Fulfill the Hebrew Bible's Messianic Hopes?
  3. Central Question 03: Does Faith in Jesus Preserve or Undermine Jewish Covenant Identity?
  4. Central Question 04: How Should Torah Be Understood After Jesus?
  5. Central Question 05: Why Should the New Testament Be Trusted?
  6. Central Question 06: Has Christianity Repented of Antisemitism and Supersessionism?
  7. Central Question 07: Can Jews Believe in Jesus and Still Remain Jews?
  8. Central Question 08: What Evidence Supports the Resurrection?
  9. Central Question 09: What Does Salvation Mean for Jewish People?
  10. Central Question 10: How Can This Conversation Happen With Honesty, Humility, and Respect?
Orthodox Questions
  1. Orthodox Question 01: How Can Belief in the Trinity Be Reconciled With the Shema?
  2. Orthodox Question 02: If Jesus Is the Messiah, Why Is the World Not Redeemed Yet?
  3. Orthodox Question 03: How Can Worship of Jesus Avoid the Torah's Prohibition Against Worshiping Anyone or Anything Besides God?
  4. Orthodox Question 04: Why Read Isaiah 53, Psalm 22, Daniel 7, or Daniel 9 as Referring to Jesus?
  5. Orthodox Question 05: If Prophecy Must Be Tested by Torah Faithfulness, How Can Jesus or the Apostles Be Accepted if Christianity Appears to Lead Jews Away from Mitzvot?
  6. Orthodox Question 06: If the Oral Torah Is Central to Jewish Life, Why Do Christians Generally Reject Rabbinic Authority?
  7. Orthodox Question 07: Why Does the New Testament Sometimes Seem to Relax or Redefine Commandments That Traditional Judaism Sees as Binding?
  8. Orthodox Question 08: How Can a Suffering or Dying Messiah Fit with a Reigning Davidic King?
  9. Orthodox Question 09: How Do Believers in Jesus Understand Halakhah, Shabbat, Kashrut, Circumcision, and Jewish Communal Obligations?
  10. Orthodox Question 10: What Makes Christian Claims About Jesus Different From Other Messianic Claims Judaism Has Rejected?
Conservative / Masorti Questions
  1. Conservative/Masorti Question 01: How Do Christians Understand Covenant and Torah in a Way That Respects Jewish Continuity and Peoplehood?
  2. Conservative/Masorti Question 02: Does Belief in Jesus Require a Jew to Leave Jewish Communal Practice or Identity?
  3. Conservative Question 03: How Should Jewish Followers of Jesus Relate to Synagogue Life, Rabbinic Tradition, and Mitzvot?
  4. Conservative / Masorti Question 04: Why Did Early Jewish Belief in Jesus Become a Largely Gentile Christian Movement?
  5. Conservative / Masorti Question 05: Are Christian Readings of Messianic Texts Historically Grounded, or Are They Later Theological Interpretations?
  6. Conservative / Masorti Question 06: How Do Believers in Jesus Handle Differences Between Gospel Accounts and Historical-Critical Scholarship?
  7. Conservative / Masorti Question 07: How Can Christians Affirm Jesus While Avoiding Supersessionism?
  8. Conservative / Masorti Question 08: What Does Paul Mean When He Discusses Torah, Works, Grace, and Israel?
  9. Conservative / Masorti Question 09: If God Remains Faithful to the Jewish People, What Is the Christian Purpose in Sharing Jesus With Jews?
  10. Conservative / Masorti Question 10: How Can Christian-Jewish Dialogue Address Real Theological Disagreement Without Erasing Either Faith?
Reform Questions
  1. Reform Jewish Question 01: Why Should Modern Jews Accept Ancient Messianic Claims as Decisive for Religious Life Today?
  2. Reform Question 02: If Judaism Emphasizes Ethical Monotheism, Justice, and Repair of the World, What Does Belief in Jesus Add?
  3. Reform Question 03: How Can Christianity's Exclusive Claims About Salvation Be Reconciled With God's Universal Love and Justice?
  4. Reform Question 04: Why Should Jews See Jesus as More Than an Influential Jewish Teacher or Reformer?
  5. Reform Question 05: How Do Christians Understand People of Other Faiths Who Live Moral and Faithful Lives?
  6. Reform Question 06: Is Belief in Jesus Primarily About Doctrine, Personal Transformation, Communal Identity, or Ethics?
  7. Reform Question 07: How Do Christians Explain Biblical Miracles, Resurrection, and Divine Incarnation to People Who Read Scripture More Symbolically?
  8. Reform Question 08: How Do Believers in Jesus Respond to the Harm Caused by Missionary Pressure on Minority Jewish Communities?
  9. Reform Question 09: Can a Person Value Jesus' Teachings Without Accepting Christian Claims About His Divinity or Messiahship?
  10. Reform Question 10: What Is the Christian Vision for Justice, Peace, and Human Dignity in This World, Not Only the Next?
Reconstructionist Questions
  1. Reconstructionist Question 01: If Judaism Is an Evolving Religious Civilization, Why Should Jesus Be Treated as the Fulfillment of Judaism Rather Than One Jewish Figure Within History?
  2. Reconstructionist Question 02: How Do Christians Understand Jewish Peoplehood, Culture, Language, Memory, and Practice Apart From Belief Claims?
  3. Reconstructionist Question 03: Does Christian Theology Make Space for Judaism to Remain a Valid and Living Tradition on Its Own Terms?
  4. Reconstructionist Question 04: How Do Believers in Jesus Handle Theological Claims That Seem to Depend on Supernatural Assumptions?
  5. Reconstructionist Question 05: What Does Messiah Mean If One Does Not Begin With Traditional Supernatural or Apocalyptic Expectations?
  6. Reconstructionist Question 06: Can Christian Claims Be Understood as Community-Forming Narratives Rather Than Universal Facts Binding on Everyone?
  7. Reconstructionist Question 07: How Do Christians Avoid Reducing Judaism to a Background for Christianity?
  8. Reconstructionist Question 08: How Do Believers in Jesus Engage Jewish Historical Experience, Especially Exile, Persecution, and Survival?
  9. Reconstructionist Question 09: What Parts of Jesus' Message Are Ethically or Communally Meaningful Even for Jews Who Do Not Accept Christian Doctrine?
  10. Reconstructionist Question 10: Can Christians Affirm Jewish Self-Definition Without Insisting That Jews Are Incomplete Without Jesus?
Renewal and Mystical Questions
  1. Renewal Question 01: How Do Believers in Jesus Understand Divine Presence, Incarnation, and the Indwelling of God Without Collapsing Creator and Creation?
  2. Renewal / Mystically Oriented Question 02: Is Jesus Understood as Uniquely Divine, or as the Highest Example of Union With God?
  3. Renewal / Mystically Oriented Question 03: How Do Christians Interpret the Spirit of God in Relation to Jewish Ideas of Ruach, Shekhinah, Holiness, and Divine Nearness?
  4. Renewal / Mystically Oriented Question 04: How Does Prayer to or Through Jesus Compare With Jewish Prayer Directed to the God of Israel?
  5. Renewal / Mystically Oriented Question 05: What Role Do Joy, Repentance, Healing, and Spiritual Transformation Play in Following Jesus?
  6. Renewal Question 06: Can Devotion to Jesus Coexist With Jewish Liturgy, Hebrew Prayer, and Jewish Spiritual Disciplines?